1S32 “Pat Hand” v1.0
The 1S32 (Cyrillic: 1С32; NATO designation: “Pat Hand”) is a target tracking and missile guidance radar for the Krug surface-to-air missile system (Cyrillic: Круг, NATO designation: SA-4 “Ganef”). Each Krug anti-aircraft missile battery is assigned such a fire control radar.
1S32 is a coherent pulse radar operating in the C band. The radar system detects targets at a range of 120 to 130 km; within a range of 80 to 90 km, target tracking is activated. Launched guided flight bodies are initially guided to the target by command and control and semi-actively steered during the final approach phase. During the entire flight phase, the anti-aircraft missile is tracked by the 1S32 via a continuous wave signal. For this purpose, the missile carries a transponder whose antenna is attached to the rear tail unit.
The development of this radar dates back to 1958. Series production began in 1965, and over the course of several upgrades, which lasted until 1975, more than 300 radars were produced. The radar was widely used in the Warsaw Pact countries, but has mostly been phased out there. It is still in service in the former Soviet republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan.
